GIS to Create Maps Based on the Bergsma Model for Gully Erosion Estimation Using DEM: A Case Study for Qarahanjeer, Kirkuk, Iraq. INJES [Internet]. 2026 Oct. 1 [cited 2026 Sep. 30];26(4):31-9. Available from: https://earth.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/earth/article/view/56023