The Iraqi National Journal of Earth Science (INJES) is one of the Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ). The journal has been published biannually since 2002 under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY) until 2026. Beginning in 2025, the publication frequency was increased to four issues per year (quarterly). It is published by the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq, with the support of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq and within the group of Mosul University journals. The journal is not financially supported by any non-governmental organization. It focuses, especially, on the geology of Iraq and the Middle East, and it may receive any manuscript related to the geology of the world. The journal is double-blind peer-reviewing, open access, and an electronic version. The journal exclusively accepts manuscripts written in Arabic and English. The manuscripts should be processed by iThenticate to prevent plagiarism and to ensure the originality of our submitted manuscripts. A double-blind peer-reviewing system is also used to assure the quality of the publication. The reviewers will receive acknowledgment letters for reviewing the manuscripts. All published articles on the website will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. INJES requires 150,000 ID for Iraqi authors inside Iraq and the publishing of the accepted manuscript. International authors are exempted from publication fees. All accepted papers will be subjected to linguistic editing, which will be free of charge, and the authors will retain full copyright with unconstrained publishing rights.

Note: The publishing of the journal was stopped twice during the wars that took place in Iraq.
The first time was in 2003 as a result of the Second Gulf War. Consequently, the second issue of 2003 was not published.
The second time led to the breakdown of publication in the journal, about four years after Volume 14, Issue 1, Autumn 2014, to the end of 2017, due to the occupation of Mosul city by ISIS / DAESH.
The work in the journal was resumed after the liberation of Mosul City from ISIS/DAESH, and at that time required great efforts to re-activate the journal, as the office had been burned, damaged, and vandalized with all its contents.

 

The Iraqi National Journal of Earth Science (INJES) is one of the Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ). Publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY), tThe journal was issued biannually since 2002 until 2024. Beginning in 2025, the publication frequency was increased to four issues per year (quarterly). It is published by the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq, with the support of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq. and within the group of Mosul University journals. 

                                                                   

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Vol. 26 No. 3 (2026): Volume 26 Issue 3

Volume 26 Issue 3

Published: 2026-07-01

Contents


Article
Geochemistry and Provenance of Mukdadiya Sandstone Formation, Eastern Iraq

Nael A. Al-Najjari, Sattar J. Al-khafaji, Ajel S. Y. Al-hadadi

Two surface sections of Mukdadiya Formation, namely; Al-Band and Bajaliah in eastern Iraq are selected to conduct the geochemistry of sandstone. Fifteen sandstone samples were analyzed using...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60915

Pages: 1-15
Refinement Engineering Properties of Clay Soils By Adding Cement And Ceramic Dust of Al-Dair Area, Northwest of Basrah

Akeel A.Mohammed, Huda A. Daham

This study investigates the effect of adding construction waste, specifically ceramic dust and cement, on the geotechnical properties of clay soils in Al-Dair area, located in the northwestern...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60902

Pages: 16-26
The Effect of Using Thermally Activated Metakaolin as an Additive on the Properties of Ordinary Portland Cement

Abdulmonim A. Al-Jubory, Sawsan H. Al-Hazaa, Younus M. Al-Jiboory

Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) have become essential in the development of high-strength and high-performance concrete. These materials include naturally occurring pozzolans,...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60956

Pages: 27-38
Hydrocarbon Potential and Organic Matter–Inferred Depositional Conditions of the Shiranish Formation in Diana Subdistrict, Northeastern Iraq: Evidence from FTIR Spectroscopy and Palynological Analysis

Alan Sadiq Miran, Rzger A. Abdula

The Shiranish Formation, which is known for its dual function as a source and reservoir rock, is a crucial geological unit for hydrocarbon exploration in northern Iraq. In this work, the kerogen...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60914

Pages: 39-51
Effect of Nano Silica Waste as Supplementary Additive Cementitious Materials in Cement Mortar Industry in Jordan

Enas M. Al-Mousa, Kamel K. Al-Zboon, Abu-Hamatteh, Ziad, Ahmed H. E. Salama

This present work investigates the possible effect of adding the recycled nano silica waste (NS) on the workability, density, heat of hydration, and mechanical behavior and properties of...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56117

Pages: 52-60
Morphometric and Hypsometric Assessment of the Spna Watershed

Hameed A. R., J. I. Salim

The study presents a comprehensive morphometric and hypsometric (HI) analysis and correlation of the Spna watershed, located about 50 km northwest of Duhok City. The watershed has an overall area...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56208

Pages: 61-76
Groundwater Quality Impacts on the Soils of Two Sites, NW Mosul, Iraq

Hamid sailm ALedan, Omar Nabhan Al Azzo

This study evaluates the quality of groundwater from wells located in two areas on both sides of the Tigris River northwest of Mosul City in order to conduct a hydrochemical comparison and assess...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56155

Pages: 77-88
Detecting Seepage Paths and Karst Phenomenon in the Upstream of Beduh Dam, Northern Iraq via Electrical Resistivity Tomography

Jalal H. Younis, Alfred A. Mansour, Chiman I. Ahmed

An Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) investigation was conducted at the Beduh earth dam in northern Iraq (Kurdistan Region) to identify leakage channels within the subsurface structure next...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60925

Pages: 89-98
Iraq's Earth Map: An Innovative Tool for Quickly Conducting Enhanced Land Monitoring and Climate Assessment

Jwad K. Manii, Ali Kadhim Manea

  The current paper cites the Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) Earth Map application as a major development in data analysis and environmental monitoring in Iraq. The article outlines...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56132

Pages: 99-111
Speleological Insights into Bestoon Cave: A Case Study from the Bradost Mountain, Northeastern Iraq

Mahdi Mohammed Pirot, Kamal Kolo

The Bestoon Cave represents a geologically and archaeologically important karstic system formed within the Upper Cretaceous Bekhme Formation through long-term carbonate dissolution and secondary...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60959

Pages: 112-127
Climate Change and its Environmental Implications for Sustainable Energy in Iraq Using GIS and RS

Maysoon Taha Mahmoud Al Saady

This research investigates climatic changes, their core indicators, and their environmental repercussions on renewable energy sources in Iraq. The study analyzes meteorological data from fourteen...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56145

Pages: 128-138
Morphotectonic Analysis Using Geomorphic Indices of the Gumal Valley Basin, Northern Iraq

Mosab N. Al-Bana, Najm A. Al-Karai, Ayyed Hussein Ward

Geomorphological indicators are important and capable of decoding the responses of landforms to active deformation processes, and are particularly useful in tectonic studies for analyzing,...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56094

Pages: 139-152
Mineralogical Controls on Scandium Enrichment in Nickel Laterites of Wolo, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia

Musnajam Musnajam, Ulva Ria Irfan, Andi Muhammad Imran, Adi Tonggiroh

Nickel laterite deposits, enriched in critical metals such as nickel (Ni) and scandium (Sc), have gained significant attention due to their economic and technological importance. This study...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60923

Pages: 153-162
Heavy Minerals Distribution in the Sandstone Beds of the Tanjero Formation, Khalakan Valley, Dokan Area, Sulaimanyia Governorate, Northern Iraq.

Nada S. Al-Zlemat, hassan Katoof Jassim

Mineralogical analysis of heavy minerals is done for ten sandstone samples of Tanjero Formation (Upper Cretaceous) at Khalakan Valley-Dokan Area. The data obtained from the analysis of heavy...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56110

Pages: 163-175
Spatial Analysis of Groundwater Quality in the Bashiqa District and its Suitability for Drinking and Irrigation

Omar Mahmood Ibrahim, Ayad Fadeel Qasim, Raid Mahmood Faisal

This study aimed to assess the quality of groundwater in the Bashiqa district of Nineveh Governorate, northern Iraq, and its suitability for drinking and irrigation. It also sought to create...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60929

Pages: 176-186
Assessing Electrode Configuration Performance in Imaging Deep Concrete Piles Using 2D Electrical Resistivity Surveys

Raad Eissa, Falah H. Maziqa, Sany E. Hannina

For rapid site investigation and buried foundation imaging, the electrical resistivity method is widely applied. This study concentrates on imaging a concrete pile foundation of 0.5 m in width...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60340

Pages: 187-194
Flood Vulnerability Analysis Using Multi-Criteria Spatial Assessment (MCSA): A Case Study in Makassar, Indonesia

Muhammad Agung Syamsuddin, Rohaya Langkoke, Ilham Alimuddin

Floods are among the most frequent and destructive natural hazards affecting urban areas, particularly in rapidly developing cities in Southeast Asia. This study aims to assess and map flood...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60574

Pages: 195-206
Advancing Solar Energy Planning Using Machine Learning and GIS: A Suitability Analysis in Nineveh Governorate Iraq

Salah J Ibrahim, Ali Z.A. Al-Ozeer, Qusay K. Al-Ahmady

Solar energy is growing rapidly due to its abundance, availability, cleanliness, cost-effectiveness, and ease of installation. The site selection process plays a crucial role in maximizing the...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60958

Pages: 207-224
Assessment of Potential Environmental Risks of Some Heavy Metals in Agricultural Soils within Dubz District, Lower Zab River Basin, Northeastern Iraq

ZAHRAA JALIL MAHMOOD, Abbas R. Ali, Murad Ismael ahmed

Fifty-three agricultural soil samples have been collected within the boundary of Dubz District, Lower Zab River Basin, Northeastern Iraq, between latitudes 35°30'0''–35°50'0'' N and longitudes...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60905

Pages: 225-236
Rock Slopes Stability Analysis along the Road of (Al-Rabban Hormizd) Monastery in Alqosh Anticline, Northern Iraq

Nawal M. Al Abdullah, Mohammed R. Abood, Amaar J. Mohammed

The aims of the current study include slope stability analysis conducted by kinematic analysis and Slope Mass Rating (SMR) at six selected stations on the road to (Al-Rabban Hormizd) Monastery...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60933

Pages: 237-252
Assessing The Surface Water of AlKhasa River in Kirkuk City Using Irrigation Water Quality Index and Heavy Metal Pollution Index

Hussein D. Al-Hayali, Mahmood F. Abed, Omer S. Al-Tamimi

The current study aims to assess the suitability of surface water running in the AlKhasa River, located within the city of Kirkuk, for irrigation purposes. This study applied the Irrigation Water...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56163

Pages: 253-261
Petrology and Mineralogy of Serpentinite Rock from the Mawat Ophiolite Complex in Zagros Suture Zone, Betwat Area, NE Iraq

Mohsin Mohammed Ghazal, Taher M. Taha, Abdulhadi Hamad Mohammed, Abdulsalam Mehdi Salih

This study aims to investigate the serpentinite rocks by combining field observation, petrographic and mineralogical aspects to deduce the mineral composition origin and tectonic setting of the...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.55934

Pages: 262-273
Temporal Variation and Statistical Significance Assessment of Seismic b-Value in Iraq and Surroundings

Emad Abdulrahman Al-Heety, Sara Ismail Chiad

The b- constant in frequency - magnitude relationship is a crucial factor in seismic studies and seismic hazard assessment. This study aims to evaluate the temporal variation of the b-value and...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60955

Pages: 274-283
Application of Machine Learning for Reservoir Identification and Characterization in an Onshore Oilfield, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Azuoko, George-Best, George Chinanu Mbaeyi, Usman, Ayatu Ojonugwa, Chukwumerije Nwannekezi-Phil, Udo Kufre Israel

Reservoir characterization in mature Niger Delta fields is challenged by heterogeneous lithology and limited labeled data, where conventional supervised or unsupervised machine learning (ML)...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56228

Pages: 284-298
Assessment and Suggested Management of Water Resources in an Arid Region, Béchar, Southwestern Algeria

Salih Lachache, Amina Lachache, Ali Abderrazak Tadjeddine, Sarra Ameri, Abdelouahab Amroune, Bendelhoum Mohammed Sofiane, Bendjillali Redha Ilyes

The Béchar region is located in the southwest of Algeria, characterized by an arid climate with a Saharan tendency. It is subject to an increasing demand for water, like all the great...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60154

Pages: 299-305
Facies Analysis of Sedimentary Successions Between Pila Spi and Fatha Formations in Dehghan anticline, Northern Iraq

Ayad F. Al-Jubouri, Falah A. AL-Miamary, Ibrahim Y. Al-Shareefi

The present study deals with the sequences existing between Pila Spi and Fatha formations in the Dehghan anticline, north of Mosul City, northern Iraq. These sequences are found to be at the late...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60931

Pages: 1-11
Morphotectonic Indicators of Wadi Al-Manai Basin in the Western Plateau of Iraq

Hala Hakim Mohammed, Mishal Mahmoud Fayadh

The Al-Man'i Basin is one of the seasonal valleys located at the end of the Euphrates River, in the northern part of the western Iraqi plateau, within the lower valleys region. Its basin area is...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56162

Pages: 12-21
Investigation of Some Geotechnical Characteristics of Sand Dunes in Shirqat District, Salahaddin Governorate, Northern Iraq

Loai Moussa RAWEE, Ahmed I. MOHAMED, Nihad Saoud ALJUBOORI, Ali Ferat Bayram

This research aims to study some geotechnical properties of dunes in Shirqat district, northern Iraq, and the possibility of verifying their suitability for use as fine aggregate in concrete...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.60900

Pages: 22-28
Analysis of the Effect of Dust on the Efficiency of Solar Panels to Convert Electricity at the Al-Jadriya Site in the City of Baghdad

Nuha Turky Hamad, Ahmad Abdulgafuor Katab

This paper focuses on applied geography, specifically the spectral analysis of atmospheric dust and its impact on the photovoltaic efficiency of solar panels at the Baghdad—Al-Jadriya site. It...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.61121

Pages: 29-41
Assessing the susceptibility of groundwater to pollution in Mosul city using the "DRASTIC" model and integrated systems with Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Noor Molod Abd, Suhaib Hassan Khader

Groundwater is one of the most important sources of freshwater and plays a vital role in sustaining and supporting economic development. Although protecting and preserving groundwater resources...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i3.56165

Pages: 42-52