2026-01-01 Volume 26, Issue 3 (2026) will be published on July 1, 2026.

The Iraqi National Journal of Earth Science (INJES) is one of the Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ). The journal has been published biannually since 2002 under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY) until 2026. Beginning in 2025, the publication frequency was increased to four issues per year (quarterly). It is published by the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq, with the support of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq and within the group of Mosul University journals. The journal is not financially supported by any non-governmental organization. It focuses, especially, on the geology of Iraq and the Middle East, and it may receive any manuscript related to the geology of the world. The journal is double-blind peer-reviewing, open access, and an electronic version. The journal exclusively accepts manuscripts written in Arabic and English. The manuscripts should be processed by iThenticate to prevent plagiarism and to ensure the originality of our submitted manuscripts. A double-blind peer-reviewing system is also used to assure the quality of the publication. The reviewers will receive acknowledgment letters for reviewing the manuscripts. All published articles on the website will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read and download. INJES requires 150,000 ID for Iraqi authors inside Iraq and the publishing of the accepted manuscript. International authors are exempted from publication fees. All accepted papers will be subjected to linguistic editing, which will be free of charge, and the authors will retain full copyright with unconstrained publishing rights.

Note: The publishing of the journal was stopped twice during the wars that took place in Iraq.
The first time was in 2003 as a result of the Second Gulf War. Consequently, the second issue of 2003 was not published.
The second time led to the breakdown of publication in the journal, about four years after Volume 14, Issue 1, Autumn 2014, to the end of 2017, due to the occupation of Mosul city by ISIS / DAESH.
The work in the journal was resumed after the liberation of Mosul City from ISIS/DAESH, and at that time required great efforts to re-activate the journal, as the office had been burned, damaged, and vandalized with all its contents.

 

The Iraqi National Journal of Earth Science (INJES) is one of the Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ). Publishing under the license of Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC-BY), tThe journal was issued biannually since 2002 until 2024. Beginning in 2025, the publication frequency was increased to four issues per year (quarterly). It is published by the College of Science, University of Mosul, Iraq, with the support of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research of Iraq. and within the group of Mosul University journals. 

                                                                   

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Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): Volume 26 Issue 2

Volume 26 Issue 2

Published: 2026-04-01

Contents


Article
Facies analysis and Sedimentary Environment of Avana Formation (Late Eocene), In two outcrops of Northern Iraq

Amina W. Al-Rawi, Rafee Ibraheem AL-Hamidi

The sequence ofthe Avana Formation (Late Eocene) has been studied in two outcrop sections in northern Iraq. The first section is (8m.) thick and located in the Aqupan area at the north plunge of...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56075

Mechanism of Hydrothermal Dolomitization in Shallow and Deep Burial Diagenesis: Implication for Hydrocarbon Migration in the Cretaceous Formation, NE-Iraq

Zana Muhammad, Namam Salih, Alain Préat

Hydrothermal dolomitization (HTD) is a major diagenetic process of carbonate rocks, significantly impacting on reservoir storage, reservoir quantity, and hydrocarbon migration. This paper adds a...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.61224

Pages: 1-25
The Spatial Simulation of Urban Expansion in the Tal Afar City Using Artificial Intelligence and GIS

Mohammed Abood Adhaeif , Omar Abdullah Ismaeel

Cities are rapidly expanding, often at the expense of agricultural land. Although urban areas occupy small spaces, their growth has led to significant changes and loss of a vital, fertile...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60812

Appraisal of Nitrate Levels in Water Wells in Egyptian Fertilizers Company Headquarter, Ain Sukhna, Northwestern Gulf of Suez, Egypt

Ahmed A. Asmoay

The Egyptian Fertilizers Company (EFC) is situated in the Ain Sukhna region within the northwestern sector of the Gulf of Suez in Egypt. Twelve groundwater samples were procured from wells within...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i1.60220

Pages: 26-35
Assessment of Air Contamination in Mosul University Campus Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques

Alaa N. Hamdon, Sabah H. Ali , Abdalrahman R. Qubaa , Hikmat S. Al-Daghistani

Air pollution is a significant problem in densely populated areas such as the university campus. This study investigates the spatial levels and distribution of air pollutants within the...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60770

Pages: 36-51
Surface Runoff Risk Assessment in The Qaws Valley Basin Using The NRCS-CN Model In GIS

Afrah Ahmad Alzahrani

The study aims to estimate flood risks in Qaws wadi basin south of Jeddah City by determining volumes and peak discharge of floods using the National Resources Conservation Service-Curve Number...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60859

Study of Geotechnical Characteristics for The Deposits of The Samarra Dam Reservoir and The Upper Tigris Tharthar Arm Area and Their Engineering Suitability

Amany Mahmood, Abdulsalam Mehdi Salih

The research included finding the geotechnical properties of the Samarra Dam Reservoir sediments in three locations and the Tharthar Depression sediments in four locations. Physical tests showed...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56103

Pages: 52-67
Riverbank Erosion Using GIS and Remote Sensing Along the Greater Zab River in Iraq

Rahel Hamad

Studying the relationships between rivers and human activity is now crucial due to the significance of rivers for their morphology. The purpose of this study is to identify the historical human...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60901

Pages: 68-87
Geomorphic Evolution and Changes of River Bends and Meanders in the Tributary of the Great Zab River Between the Iraqi-Turkish Borders and the Dereluk Dam

Amer Mahmoud Ahmed Al-Obaidi, Hussein Ali Rasheed AL-Mzuory

This study addresses the changes and geomorphological evolution of the bends and meanders of the Greater Zab River in the study area situated in Dohuk Governorate, extending between the...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56112

Estimating Digital Clay Texture of Mesopotamian Models From 2D Images Using Deep Learning to Render Full- Immersive Virtual Reality (VR)

Ali Salim Rasheed

Archaeologists have introduced AI-powered digital tools to assist in geological surveying of artifacts and identifying their compositional textures, whether clay or rocks, as realistic examples...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60860

Pages: 88-101
Estimation of Surface Runoff Volume in Wadi Al-Amghar Basin, Southwestern of Al-Muthanna Desert, Using the SCS-CN Method.

Haider M. Al-Kafari, Safaa A.R AL-Asadi

Wadi Al-Amghar Basin, located in the southwestern part of Al-Muthanna desert, is characterized by extreme aridity due to the scarcity of rainfall over the basin and its surrounding lands. The...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56085

Permeability Estimation Using HFU Method Enhanced by Bootstrap Forest AI-Approach for FZI Prediction in Mishrif Reservoir, Southern Iraq

Layth H. Abd Ali , Sameera Hamd-Allah

Exploitation of the artificial intelligence (AI) with hydraulic flow unit technique (HFU) to enhance permeability prediction is an important step in reservoir characterization. HFU classifies the...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60858

Pages: 102-114
Modeling the Flood Risk of Diyala River in Baquba City Using HEC-RAS Program

Zainab Kamil Taeih, Ammar Hussein Mohammed

The research deals with hydraulic modeling processes to understand the behavior of rivers by creating a simulation system for river flow. This research aims to model the Diyala River flood wave...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56088

Pages: 112-126
Earthquake Distributions in Sulaimaniyah, North of Iraq

Suad Mohammed Ali, Hanan Abdulqader Darweesh, Iman Malallah Jaafar

One of the main natural threats is earthquakes, which pose a serious threat to human life and property. To examine seismic activity in Sulaymaniyah, a city, statistically determined distributions...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56098

Pages: 115-123
Integrated Geospatial Analysis of Geomorphometric Characteristics in the Hasab Watershed's Drainage Network, Iraqi Southern Desert

Bashar F. Maaroof , Hashim H. Kareem , Jaffar H. Al-Zubaydi , Manal Sh. Al-Kubaisi , Ban AL- Hasani , Mawada Abdellatif , Iacopo Carnacina

The geomorphometric characteristics of the Hasab catchment in the Iraqi southern desert are studied. The study utilized geospatial data, including the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (SRTM),...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60866

Pages: 124-142
The Impact of the Urban Lockdown Related to the Corona Pandemic (Covid-19) on Urban Heat Islands in Medina, Saudi Arabia Using Landsat Imagery

Layla Aljehani

The study discussed the impact of the urban lockdown related to the Covid-19 pandemic on the Urban Heat Island Temperature (UHI) of Medina during the periods 2018-2020-2022. The research relies...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56177

Pages: 127-144
Neural Network and Empirical Models of Mamuniyat Reservoir Permeability Prediction, Murzuq Basin-Libya

Bahia M. Ben Ghawar , Fathi M. Salloum, Mahmud A. Al Tarhouni

Permeability (K) is a dominant property of the production and development planning strategy of oil fields. Thus, deriving and/or defining a suitable reservoir permeability model provides time and...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60857

Pages: 143-155
Evaluation of the Geotechnical Properties of Sediments in the Kirkuk Irrigation Project Canal for Various Engineering Applications

Mohanad Essi Khudher, Sabbar Abdullah Saleh, Omer Sabah Ibrahiem Al-Tamimee

The research aims to study and evaluate some geotechnical properties of the sediments within the Kirkuk Irrigation Project, starting from the Al-Dibs Barrage to the end of the Tuz Khurmatu...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56129

Pages: 145-159
Application of Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System to Estimate the Groundwater Quality Index in Telkaif, Iraq

Alaa Jassim Mohammed Al-Taie, Raghed Yousif Ghazal, Mohammed Hazim Sabry Al-Mashhadany

In this study, an innovative application of the ANFIS artificial neural network is presented to predict the water quality index based on physicochemical parameters for groundwater in the Telkaif...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60814

Pages: 156-168
Extraction of (CN) values for Wadi Baghal Basin, Northwestern Iraq

Wael Hazem Al-jwari, Esaa Salih Abd , Sohaib Hassan Khuder

The research deals with the hydrological analysis of the Wadi Bagal basin in Badoosh, Nineveh Governorate. It is considered one of the seasonal flow basins. The study includes analysis of the...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60899

Pages: 160-177
Slope Stability Analysis with Rainfall and Earthquake Effects on Limestone Formations: A Case Study in Gorontalo Outer Ring Road Section, Indonesia

M. N Baruadi , Hendra Pachri, Ilham Alimuddin

The Gorontalo Outer Ring Road in Indonesia, a national route connecting three regions, is vital for enhancing economic development in the area. However, landslide problems are a significant...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56093

Pages: 169-180
Geometric Analysis of Proposed Rainwater Harvesting Dam Reservoirs at Selected Sites in Wadi Al-Qasab Basin, Northern Iraq

Akram M. Saeed, Sabbar A. Salih

A geometric analysis is conducted on eight proposed sites for the construction of rainwater harvesting dam reservoirs to build rainwater harvesting dams in Wadi Al-Qasab, This give the importance...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60498

Pages: 178-198
Integrating Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographic Information Systems to Assess the Environmental Impacts of Urban Sprawl on Agricultural Lands: A Case Study from Suq Al-Shuyoukh City, South of Iraq

Hamid D. Hani

The current study aims to determine the size, type, direction and causes of urban encroachment on agricultural lands as well as its environmental impact. The remote sensing and geographic...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60343

Pages: 181-195
Geotechnical Evaluation of Soil in Taza District, Southeast of Kirkuk, Iraq: Correlation Between Chemical and Some Physical Properties

Mohammed S. Ahmed, Burkan S. Othman, Fouad A. Al-jalabi

Soil is one of the most important natural resources. A comprehensive geotechnical soil assessment must be performed when starting any engineering project to avoid future damage. The properties of...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56083

Pages: 196-212
Study of the Physical and Chemical Properties of Phosphogypsum Used in the Manufacture of Gypsum Board and Plaster

Nour I. Al-Nuaimi, Kotayba T. Al-Youzbakey

Phosphogypsum is a by-product of the reaction of sulfuric acid with concentrated phosphate ores to produce phosphoric acid, the latter being the most important acid in the production of all types...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56082

Pages: 213-224
Dynamics of Land Use and Land Cover Changes and Their Impact on Surface Temperature in Domkal Block, West Bengal, India

Woheeul Islam, Md. Mustaquim, Hasib Hasan

Land is increasingly under pressure to meet the demands of a rapidly expanding population, so more resources are needed to maintain basic services and a high standard of living. This pressure...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60486

Pages: 225-244
Mineralogical Components of the Upper Jurassic Naokelekan Formation from Northeastern Iraq

Sumaya Asghar Samad, Hasan A. Ali Al-Jumaily , Ali Ismail Al-Juboury , Harry Rowe, Giovanni Zanoni, Rebwar H. Rasool, Arkan O. Sharazwri

The upper Jurassic Naokelekan Formation has been investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy in two outcrop sections from Halabja and Barzinja areas in northeastern Iraq...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56152

Pages: 245-259
Engineering Site Classification for Hilla City's Nadir Highway Project, Iraq: A Novel Correlation of Shear Wave Velocity and N-SPT Value

Abdul-Kareem H. Al-Rubaiee, Mohanad R. Al-Owaidi

Assessing earthquake risks is crucial. The risks come due to the great destruction caused by earthquakes, which depend heavily on the movement of tectonic plates. One technique for determining...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56109

Pages: 260-274
Biostratigraphic Analysis of Middle to Late Eocene Palynomorphs from The Upper Gercus Formation, Dohuk Area, Northern Iraq

Ali H. Al-Atrushe , Maha A.M. Al-Hasson

The current study focuses on the palynological study of the upper part of the Gercus Formation of (Middle to Late Eocene) age in northern Iraq. Fifteen samples were collected from the studied...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.60903

Pages: 275-286
Spatio-temporal Assessment and Prediction of Land Surface Temperature (LST) Dynamics of Kirkuk City Using GIS Techniques

Sumaya Falih Hasan, Mustafa Raad Hameed, Banaz Adib Fatah, Muntadher Aidi Shareef

Over the past few decades, the Kirkuk region in Iraq has been seriously threatened by global warming under climate and temperature change scenarios. Over the course of a year, the study examines...

DOI: 10.33899/injes.v26i2.56079

Pages: 287-300