Hydrogeological Assessment of Aquifers in Al-Hawija City, Kirkuk, Northern Iraq

Groundwater is a significant source of fresh water for drinking, agriculture, and various other uses worldwide. The current study intends to determine groundwater aquifer types and estimating the hydraulic properties of the aquifers within the study area. The pumping test process was applied on five pumping wells with monitoring wells where the hydraulic conductivity values varied (22.02-65.5) m/day, while the transmissivity values range between (695-3413) m2/day. The storage coefficient ranges between (0.00074-0.0037). The aquifer type is a semi-confined aquifer based on the results of the hydraulic properties (transmissivity, T; hydraulic conductivity, K; and storage coefficient, S). The study area has been classified as heterogeneous and anisotropy, and the main groundwater movements is from south to west and northwest recharged from the Bai Hassan Formation (the lower aquifer in the study area) exposed in the away regions. When the precipitation occurs on the mountaintops, it infiltrates into the formation and continues to move toward the study area.